ABSTRACT
Background : COVID-19 disease surfaced in Wuhan in December, 2019 and rapidly spread in the World as a pandemic (March, 2020) Till date (10 August) COVID-19 has affected 20 million people. Many women have delivered and many conceived during this time. Till date very few adverse effects and vertical transmission is observed. WHO later changed the terminology to SARS-COV-2 and removed ’19’ from the name. Material and Method : We studied Maternal and Perinatal outcome of COVID confirmed pregnancies and the effects of CORONA infections on Women’s Health. Results : Most of the patients were asymptomatic. Majority 80% cases of our cases were delivered by Cesarean Section. Cesarean Section was done for Obstetric reasons along with early consideration due to COVID concerns. Meconium Stained Liquor and Fetal Distress was the indication of Cesarean in 14% cases. Previous Cesarean Sections was a major cause of repeat cesarean in our study. Preterm labour was reported in only one case of Twin Pregnancies. Premature Rupture of Membranes was not seen in any of the pregnancies. Maternal and Fetal outcome were favorable with only few cases of mild to moderate Pneumonia in mothers. Most of the women were psychological disturbed due to the Lockdown and had unwanted pregnancy (due to lack of contraceptive availability), domestic violence and also family disputes and child beating were reported by many in the survey. Due to lack of Medical Services by the GP’s and the friendly small Obstetrics Gynaecology clinics (closed due to Lockdown) small problems got aggravated and a lot of these women one now coming up with Anemia, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Fibroids, Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB), Endometriosis, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), Cervical Crosiers, Vaginitis, Obesity etc. Conclusion : Coronavirus infection in pregnancy did not adversely affect the pregnancy and has a benign course. Pregnant women are not at higher risk of developing Pneumonia compared to non pregnant women. There is no evidence of increased risk of miscarriage or foetal losses with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. But SARS-COV2 disease a lot of other Gynaecological problems and adversely affected Women’s Health.
ABSTRACT
Achondroplasia is a rare disorder occurring in 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 live births. However, it is the commonest disorder among more than 100 different types of dwarfism. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait but most cases (80%) are due to mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). These individuals have normal mental and sexual development and life-span may also be normal. However, problems such as pre-eclampsia, polyhydramnios, respiratory compromise, contracted pelvis necessitating lower-segment cesarean section, prematurity and fetal wastage, etc., have been reported. General anesthesia is preferred to regional anesthesia because of spinal abnormalities. The aim of this report is to describe the surgical management of these patients discussing the surgical consideration and emphasizing the difficulties encountered. Such a patient is considered high-risk in terms of anesthesia and obstetric outcome. A case of achondroplasia with pregnancy is reported. A 28-year-old achondroplastic parturient underwent cesarean section under general anesthesia for contracted pelvis. We did not encounter problems related to cesarean section. The most important point is the careful preoperative assessment. Anesthesia plan should be specified to individual basis.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of vaginal progesterone in the prolongation of duration of pregnancy in women at highrisk of developing preterm labor. Material and methods: This is a prospective case-control study carried out in the Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SN Medical College, Agra on 100 patients chosen from inpatient and outpatient department (50 cases and 50 controls). Women with singleton pregnancy having history of preterm labor, uterine malformation, prophylactic cerclage, currently suffering from premature pains were given daily vaginal progesterone 200 mg from 24 weeks and discontinued at 34 weeks of gestation. In both groups rate of preterm labor and neonatal outcome was determined. Results: The incidence of preterm labor in progesterone group was 17.8% and in control group 36%, p value is <0.05. Conclusion: Administration of progesterone in women at high-risk of developing preterm labor reduces the incidence of preterm labor, neonatal mortality and morbidity and increases baby weight <2.5 kg.
ABSTRACT
Background: Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne infection worldwide. Vertical transmission after maternal dengue infection to the fetus and pregnancy losses in relation to dengue infection have been reported. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the maternal and fetal consequences of dengue fever (DF) infection during pregnancy. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of all pregnant women with DF was done over a period of 1 year. Clinical, laboratory, maternal and fetal outcomes and early neonatal outcomes were collected from patients with confirmed dengue infection. Result: An upward trend was observed with a striking feature of severe thrombocytopenia in 36% cases. Oligohydramnios and low birth weight were the most common and peculiar outcomes. Preterm delivery with increased risk of cesarean section was noted. Vertical transmission occurs in pregnancy but no evidence of congenital anomaly could be traced.
ABSTRACT
Stress is an aversive stimulus which disturbs physiological homeostasis and is reflected on a variety of biological systems. The present study was designed to investigate the nitric oxide mechanism in neuroprotective effect of trazodone and citalopram against acute immobilization-induced behavioral and biochemical alteration in mice. Mice were immobilized for a 6 h. Acute immobilization stress caused anxiety, hyperalgesia, impaired locomotor activity and oxidative damage. Pre-treatment with trazodone and citalopram significantly reversed immobilized stress-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations. L-arginine, pretreatment with trazodone or citalopram significantly reversed their protective effects. However, L-NAME or methylene blue pretreatment with trazodone or citalopram significantly potentiated their protective effects alone. Results suggest the involvement of nitric oxide pathways in the protective effect of trazodone and citalopram against immobilization stress induced behavioral and biochemical alterations.
ABSTRACT
Sleep is an essential physiological process for maintaining physical, mental, and emotional health. Sleep deprivation and associated disorders like depression and anxiety are one of the major problems now-days. The present study was designed to explore the neuroprotecitve effect of citalopram and desipramine on 72 hr sleep deprivation-induced behavioral alterations and oxidative damage in mice. Various behavioral tests (plus maze, zero maze, mirror chamber, actophotometer), body weight followed by oxidative parameters (malondialdehyde level, glutathione, catalase, nitrite and protein) were assessed. Treatment with citalopram (5 and 10 mg/kg, ip) and desipramine (10 and 20 mg/kg, ip) for 5 days significantly improved locomotor activity, anti-anxiety like behavior in all paradigms tasks (mirror chamber, plus maze, zero maze) as compared to control (72 hr sleep-deprived). Biochemically, citalopram and desipramine treatment significantly restored depleted reduced glutathione, catalase activity, attenuated raised lipid peroxidation and nitrite level as compared to control (72 hr sleep-deprived) animals. Results of present study suggest that citalopram (5 and 10mg/kg, ip) and desipramine (10 and 20 mg/kg, ip) have neuroprotective effect against sleep deprivation-induced behavior alteration and oxidative damage in mice.